Reactive Intermediates and Unusual Molecules: Photo- and Thermo-chemistry of Sydnones and Tetrazoles
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- Nitrile imines R-C(-)=N(+)=N-R’ and/or carbodiimides R-N=C=N-R’ are generated either photochemically or thermally (by flash vacuum thermolysis) from tetrazoles and sydnones, and their structures and reactivities have been investigated. All nitrile imines isomerize to the corresponding carbodiimides both thermally and photochemically. Furthermore, Earl’s bicyclic azlactones (postulated as the structure of sydnones in 1935), have been observed for the first time; they are formed by cryogenic matrix photolysis of sydnones.
The reaction mechanism involving nitrile imines, diazirenes, imidoylnitrenes, and carbodiimides will be discussed. Moreover, nitrile imines carrying electronegative but lone-pair donating substituents possess a high degree of carbene character and are predicted to cyclize to 1H-diazirenes in mildly exothermic reactions with low activation barriers.
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